```mermaid classDiagram %% 动物相关类 class Animal { <> +name: String +age: int +eat()* +makeSound()* } class Dog { +breed: String +fetch() +makeSound() } class Cat { +furColor: String +purr() +makeSound() } %% 交通工具相关类 class Vehicle { <> +make: String +model: String +startEngine()* +stopEngine()* } class Car { +numDoors: int +startEngine() +stopEngine() } class Bicycle { +numGears: int +pedal() +startEngine() +stopEngine() } %% 接口 interface Drivable { +accelerate() +brake() } %% 枚举 class FuelType { <> GASOLINE DIESEL ELECTRIC HYBRID } %% 关联关系 Animal <|-- Dog Animal <|-- Cat Vehicle <|-- Car Vehicle <|-- Bicycle Drivable <|.. Car Drivable <|.. Bicycle Car --> FuelType: uses %% 组合关系 class Engine { +size: double +start() +stop() } Car *-- Engine: has %% 依赖关系 class Person { +name: String +driveVehicle(v: Drivable) } Person ..> Drivable: depends on ``` 这个类图展示了： 1. 抽象类(Animal, Vehicle)与具体实现 2. 继承关系(Dog/Cat继承Animal) 3. 接口实现(Drivable) 4. 组合关系(Car包含Engine) 5. 依赖关系(Person依赖Drivable) 6. 枚举类型(FuelType) 7. 多态方法(makeSound()) 8. 抽象方法标记(*) 各个类包含属性和方法，展现了面向对象设计的主要特性。